Disenrollment and the Betrayal of Tribal Members' Civil and Human Rights With Tacit Approval of Congress and Native America

 A quick follow up to Paul Johnson's article AREN'T Native Americans Entitled to Civil Rights  read that, then this.

The violations of civil and human rights that occur when individuals are disenrolled without due process are abhorrent. The following are some of the key rights that are violated in such cases:

Unbiased tribunal: All individuals have the right to a fair and unbiased hearing. When tribal governments fail to provide an impartial tribunal, the integrity of the process is compromised.

Notice of proposed action and the grounds on which it is based: The right to notice is a fundamental principle of due process. Without proper notice, individuals may not have the opportunity to prepare a defense and respond to the charges against them.

Opportunity to present a reason why the action should not occur: The right to be heard is essential to due process. When individuals are disenrolled without the opportunity to present their case, their rights are violated.

Right to call witnesses on your behalf: The right to call witnesses is a fundamental aspect of a fair hearing. When individuals are disenrolled without the ability to call witnesses, they are denied a fair process.  The action of disenrollment abusing this principle makes the action unjust

Right to know what evidence is brought against you: Without the right to know what evidence is being used against them, individuals may not be able to mount a proper defense.  In our case, Pechanga IGNORED the evidence they paid for, since it didn't produce the action they wanted.  They accepted hearsay evidence

Right to have the decision based only on the evidence: STOP LAUGHING!   Decisions must be based solely on the evidence presented in a fair hearing. When decisions are made without proper evidence, individuals may be disenrolled unfairly.

Right to counsel: The right to counsel is a fundamental principle of due process. When individuals are disenrolled without the ability to have legal representation, their rights are violated.

Right to a public proceeding: The right to a public proceeding helps ensure transparency and accountability. When hearings are held in secret, the process is more likely to be unfair.  When we are told we can't speak about it, it's unjust

A record of the proceedings: The right to a record of the proceedings helps ensure that decisions are made based on the evidence presented.  We weren't allowed writing implements..we you?

Right to judicial review: The right to judicial review helps ensure that decisions made by tribal governments are subject to review by an impartial court.   WHY the need to invoke sovereignty, when a review of the facts, if just, would stand for themselves

When any of these rights are violated, the integrity of the disenrollment process is compromised, and the rights of the impacted individuals are violated.   Any rights, not all....but if all are violated, there is no justice

OKLAHOMA Is Ground Zero for Freedmen Citizenship and JUSTICE

Excellent article on the quest for Justice for Freedmen of the remaining Five Civilized Tribes after Cherokee Nation has done the right thing.

And excerpt here but the full article at  NONDOC

n 2016, LeEtta Osborne-Sampson, a council representative of the Seminole Nation who is Black, approached some colleagues about a disturbing picture hung on the wall of the Mekusukey Mission, which is used as the Seminole Nation council house and courthouse.

“It was a Black man sitting under a tree,” Osborne-Sampson said. “This Black man had a cloak over his head, a noose around his neck and his hands bound and his feet bound.”

Osborne-Sampson went to the Seminole Nation chief at the time, Leonard Harjo, and asked for the painting to be removed.

“You can’t get that removed,” she says Harjo told her. “It’s history.”

I Call on All 11,000 Disenrolled Native Americans to GIVE NARF What they Deserve: ZERO DOLLARS

The Native American Rights Fund is soliciting donations for Valentines Day: 

NO MONEY for Native American
Rights Fund.

Instead of flowers, give fairness.
Instead of jewelry, give justice.
Instead of chocolate, give change.
This #ValentinesDay, give the gift of justice to the ones you love by donating in their honor!


I call on all 11,000 Disenrolled Native Americans to GIVE @NDNrights (twitter) the support they have given we disenrolled over the past two decades.

SEMINOLE FREEDMEN Gaining Some Rights With Indian Health Services

 

NO BLOOD degree for many

Indian Health Service announced earlier this week that Freedmen citizens of the Seminole Nation are now eligible for health care services.

“It says 0/0 Indian blood, but it says Freedman,” LeEtta Osborne told News 4 back in March, talking about her tribal card. “They told me that they do not recognize their citizens there.”

That’s what happened in March when Osborne-Sampson tried to get a COVID-19 vaccine at the Indian Health Service clinic in Wewoka.

AG MERRICK GARLAND, WHAT is your POLICY on Tribe's DENIAL of Basic Civil and Human Rights?

 

Thank you to our friend and guest blogger Reinstatement Resolution for composing this for former AG Loretta Lynch

HERE is a letter YOU can and SHOULD send to Attorney General  Merrick Garland  It's a request for a policy statement,  which could be as simple as "we won't defend the civil and human rights of Native American people harmed by their own Tribes." And may be far too likely.

To: US Department of Justice

    Attorney General Merrick Garland

    950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

    Washington , D.C. 20530-0001

    Email: askdoj@usdoj.gov

    Fax Number: 202-307-6777

From:  

         

Re: Request for Policy Statement

Dear Attorney General,
 

I am writing this request on behalf of thousands of American Indians who have been removed from the Membership Rolls of Federally Recognized Tribes without due process and in violation of their right to equal protection under the law.

Rep. Maxine Waters Stands Up for Native American SLAVE'S Descendants, THE FREEDMEN

 

THANK YOU Rep. Waters for standing up for justice, where most of your collogues have ignored the issues of abuses of treaty rights and civil rights. 

JUNETEENTH Holiday Reminds US That NOT All Slaves Freed . 1866 For Native American Slaves of the Five "Civilized" Tribes

 And a reminder as we celebrate our new holiday JUNETEENTH.. ALL SLAVES weren't freed by the Emancipation Proclamation, nor Juneteenth

The Choctaw and Chickasaw Freedmen Still Suffering Racism from Tribal Hands

All my blog life, I have supported the Cherokee Freedmen in their quest for justice, both tribal and racial.  I have marched together with Creek Freedmen. This weekend, the Choctaw and Chickasaw Freedmen have come with an outstanding response the the Choctaw Nation's "Guide to McGirt v, Oklahoma" which omits their racist history.

I remind my readers, that when you read stories on the "Trail of Tears", you rarely if EVER hear about the black slaves the Cherokee dragged on that trail..as PROPERTY  Former Cherokee Nation Principal Chief Chad Smith once claimed their "slaves were well treated" 

Restorative Justice and Tribal Disenrollment: Bring the People Home, Give the Ancestors Peace, REPAIR the Injustice

Pechanga Elder Lawrence Madariaga
Died While Disenrolled - Too Late for Justice

Our Ancestors were disgraced by tribal disenrollment, our elders abused, lives ruined, our children separated from their history, their culture and our future generations wiped out, by simple paper transactions.

RESTORATIVE JUSTICE is repairing the harm of unjust behavior.   Chairman Macarro, Chairman Robert Smith, Chairman Jack Potter we are speaking to YOU

Is restorative justice what's needed to heal the wounds, salve the pain and bring honor back to tribes that have harmed over 11,000 Native Americans over the last decade?

The theory of restorative justice is from the criminal arena.  While tribal disenrollment in many cases is not illegal, in some cases it runs contrary to tribal constitutions, or against tribal laws.

PAMUNKEY Tribe of VA: SOVEREIGNTY GIVES US THE RIGHT TO BE RACIST

 

Should we ignore the racism of the Pamunkey Tribe of Virginia because of tribal sovereignty?  Should we accept it because of "tribal sovereignty"  This is a story not told and I'm sorry I'm just learning more of it.  The Richmond Free Press did the deep dive. My own tribe, Pechanga took my black cousins out of the tribal school, but I don't believe it was racism, just greed.

The exposure of the tribe’s racist past is largely the work of 30-year-old Essex County resident Jasmine N. Anderson, who has spent more than five years quietly working to gain recognition for herself and her relatives. They are members of the Dungee family that was banished from the tribe between 1865 and 1871 after a member opened a free school for newly freed slaves near the reservation.

“I have undisputed, direct ancestral ties to four Pamunkey Indian lines,” Ms. Anderson said.

That includes her six-times great-grandfather, Joseph Dungee Jr., and his brother, Jesse Dungee (also spelled Dungey and Dungy), a farmer and minister who represented King William County in the General Assembly from 1871 to 1873, and gained recognition as both a Pamunkey and as an African-American legislator.

Why AREN'T CIVIL RIGHTS A Priority for Democrats Any More?

Worth 100K DISLIKES

I was thinking the other day about what really makes people mad.  Why doesn't Apartheid, Segregation, Elder Abuse or Child Abuse bad enough for people to be upset anymore? 

We just posted on our blog about Trevor Noah performing at Pechanga, which DOES practice segregation and apartheid.   I'm betting he wouldn't perform at SEA WORLD because they "mistreat" ORCAS.... but mistreating people.... NO BIG DEAL

Attorney General Jeff Sessions, What is the Department of Justice's Civil Rights Division's Policy of the Abuses of Indian Civil Rights?

HERE is a letter YOU can and SHOULD send to Attorney General  JEFF SESSIONS, crafted by our friend and guest blogger Reinstatement Resolution We sent this to Obama's last Atty General Loretta Lynch with NO response.

 Maybe...this time.       

It's a request for a policy statement,  which could be as simple as "we won't defend the civil and human rights of Indian people harmed by their own Tribes." And may be far too likely.


    US Department of Justice
    Attorney General Jeff Sessions
    950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
    Washington , D.C. 20530-0001
    Email: askdoj@usdoj.gov
    Fax Number: 202-307-6777

From:
       
Re: Request for Policy Statement


Dear Attorney General Sessions,

I am writing this request on behalf of thousands of American Indians who have been removed from the Membership Rolls of Federally Recognized Tribes without due process and in violation of their right to equal protection under the law.

Many of the decisions to terminate tribal membership have been imposed by Tribal Leaders without the approval of the General Membership of the Tribe, in direct contradiction of the governing documents of their respective Tribes, and motivated by racial bias. This racial bias is compounded by the fact that some of these Tribal Leaders have no Indian ancestry themselves, and would not meet the same standards as these disenrolled Indians, who have endured discrimination and bias from American society, and now face bias and discrimination from within their own tribes.

Tribal Leaders act with impunity due to the protections of sovereign immunity. Many of these leaders claim that the Santa Clara Pueblos v. Martinez Supreme Court decision gives them the right to exclude legitimate tribal members and they have done so, causing egregious harm to the Native Americans who lose their tribal citizenship. This harm extends far beyond the loss of membership in a Federally Recognized Tribe. It means denial of eligibility for federal benefits to help finance education, medical treatment, and even emergency assistance to families in need. It means the loss of land rights, burial rights, and access to benefits provided by the tribe. It means a denial of heritage, and the legacy of their ancestors, and the connection to their culture.

I want to clarify the facts regarding the disenrollments that are eerily similar in most cases. Disenrollees committed no crime, and in no way compromised their standing within the tribe. The disenrollees did not suddenly stop being American Indians or change in any way. What changed were the Tribal Leaders and their attitude toward certain citizens of their nation. The Tribal Leaders decided arbitrarily and selectively to exclude certain members and targeted them because of their race. They said these members did not belong to the community, that these members did not have the blood of the band, and that these members should never have been enrolled into the Tribe.

Disenrollees do not receive hearings in many cases. They do not have the opportunity to face their accusers, have representation of counsel, present evidence and arguments in their defense, or to be judged by their peers. Disenrollees do not receive equal protection under the law since they have been singled out and placed under a standard that is not applied equally to other tribal members. Disenrollees face ridicule and derision once their membership is terminated, and they are denied recourse because the Tribal Leaders strip them of citizenship and all their rights under tribal law.

Once disenrollees lose their standing as dual citizens, they must be recognized as U.S. Citizens with the full protections of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, yet the powers and authorities of the U.S. Government have completely abandoned them. Their rights have been abused, their identities destroyed, and their tribal citizenship has been revoked without just cause, but the BIA refuses to interfere. When they attempt to bring the Tribal Leaders to justice, the Courts claim they empathize but have no jurisdiction, and regularly dismiss complaints filed against Tribal Leaders on grounds of sovereign immunity. The Department of Justice has ignored all requests to investigate, and even refused to acknowledge that there have been civil rights abuses.

Now these U.S. Citizens formally request a Policy Statement from the Department of Justice. Does the DOJ recognize the civil rights of U.S. Citizens who are also Tribal Members, and support their quest for due process, and equal protection under the law? Does the DOJ acknowledge that they have a duty and obligation to protect these U.S. Citizens from the abuse of their civil rights, and to investigate the reported violations just as they would civil rights violations in Ferguson , Mississippi or St. Louis , Missouri ?

Please do not once again ignore the thousands of people who have suffered harm through civil rights abuses. They are U.S. Citizens and are entitled to know what policy and guidelines the Department of Justice has in place to enforce civil rights laws on behalf of Native Americans who face discrimination within their own Tribes.

Sincerely,

What is the Department of Justice's Civil Rights Division's Policy of the Abuses of Indian Civil Rights? Request an Answer

  Guest blogger  Reinstatement Resolution has crafted this letter.

HERE is a letter YOU can and SHOULD send to Attorney General  Loretta Lynch, or to the newest Attorney General candidate JEFF SESSIONS It's a request for a policy statement,  which could be as simple as "we won't defend the civil and human rights of Indian people harmed by their own Tribes." And may be far too likely.

To: US Department of Justice

    Attorney General Loretta Lynch

    950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

    Washington , D.C. 20530-0001

    Email: askdoj@usdoj.gov

    Fax Number: 202-307-6777

From:  

         

Re: Request for Policy Statement

Dear Attorney General, 

I am writing this request on behalf of thousands of American Indians who have been removed from the Membership Rolls of Federally Recognized Tribes without due process and in violation of their right to equal protection under the law.

Many of the decisions to terminate tribal membership have been imposed by Tribal Leaders without the approval of the General Membership of the Tribe, in direct contradiction of the governing documents of their respective Tribes, and motivated by racial bias. This racial bias is compounded by the fact that some of these Tribal Leaders have no Indian ancestry themselves, and would not meet the same standards as these disenrolled Indians, who have endured discrimination and bias from American society, and now face bias and discrimination from within their own tribes.

Tribal Leaders act with impunity due to the protections of sovereign immunity. Many of these leaders claim that the Santa Clara Pueblos v. Martinez Supreme Court decision gives them the right to exclude legitimate tribal members and they have done so, causing egregious harm to the Native Americans who lose their tribal citizenship. This harm extends far beyond the loss of membership in a Federally Recognized Tribe. It means denial of eligibility for federal benefits to help finance education, medical treatment, and even emergency assistance to families in need. It means the loss of land rights, burial rights, and access to benefits provided by the tribe. It means a denial of heritage, and the legacy of their ancestors, and the connection to their culture.  

Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein HARM Native Americans By Sponsoring Apartheid Tribes: Reconciling Moral Outrage at Tribes Like Pechanga, Pala, Redding, San Pascual, and Chukchansi, with Self Determination.

INDIAN CIVIL RIGHTS... who give a hoot? Our Senators, Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein don't.    Tribes that abuse their own people certainly don't, unless of course, it may affect them negatively, like, say the Cherokee Tribe who got smacked down for denying rights to their Freedmen ancestors.  The BIA doesn't, as they've either watched violation happen, helped them happen, or made them happen (Chukchansi, Pechanga, Pala, San Pasqual, San Pasqual)

How Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein HARM Native Americans

I posted this first back in June 2007 and and it should be printed again as things have only gotten worse since then.  But DON'T WORRY, we have Senators writing letters about nasty name calling, and my own two Senators, Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein, are AGAIN sponsoring a water rights bill for a tribe that violated the civil and human rights of it's people, my tribe, The Pechanga Band of Luiseno Indians, a tribe that ALSO practices Pechanga’s Apartheid and SEGREGATION.  But then, being Democrats, they are from the party of Segregation, so should we expect less?

I hope from what you read here, you do NOT get the impression that we are against tribal rights or gaming. That is not true. The links tell the story of what's happening at Pechanga, Snoqualmie in Washington State and other reservations like Chukchansi and Pala since Indian gaming.

Feel free to comment, they are open. And by ALL MEANS share on Twitter and Facebook, please.

Tribal gaming has helped many tribes in CA, come out of poverty, my tribe, the Pechanga Band of Luiseno Indians included . Many of the Pechanga people are uneducated and I remember they were so excited when they qualified for a Target credit card.

Unfortunately, with success, greed soon follows.  Instead of helping all their people, including those they placed in a membership moratorium hold, who rightfully belonged to the tribe they looked at who they could get rid of to increase their per capita checks.  And, unfortunately, the money hasn't made everyone happy.

But the facts are clear, most tribes have not treated their people as abominably as Pechanga, Redding Rancheria, Picayune Rancheria, Snoqualmie and others have treated their people. In fact it's more like Tribal Terrorism, using fear and threat to keep their voting membership in line.  Remember, too, the fewer voters, the easier it is to control

Reconciling MORAL OUTRAGE at Abusive Tribes Like Pechanga with Self Determination

Here is an excellent article by Sheryl Lightfoot about how to support sovereignty issues, while not supporting the actions when they are morally repugnant, such as Pechanga's disenrollment of 25% of their tribe in order to enrich the remaining members.

Sheryl Lightfoot Article

Spokane Tribe Passes Referendum to PROHIBIT Disenrollment in Most Cases; Does the RIGHT THING

Proving that some tribes KNOW HOW to do the RIGHT THING, and that disenrollment for dollars is WRONG, as practiced by tribes like Pechanga and Chukchansi, the SPOKANE TRIBE gets it RIGHT.

On Saturday, the Spokane Tribe of Indians General Council passed a Referendum that amended the Tribe’s constitution to generally prohibit disenrollment.

The new Spokane constitutional provision provides: “Except in instances where a citizen transfers enrollment to another Tribe, no Spokane Tribal law shall operate to strip citizenship from any person who has previously been recognized to possess citizenship . . .”

Spokane joins a growing list of tribal governments who are amending IRA constitutions—which have been the primary vehicle for disenrollment in Indian Country—to discontinue the colonialist practice.

In 2013, the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria revised their constitution to prohibit disenrollment.

Pechanga Tribe voted to halt ALL disenrollments, but Pechanga chairman Mark Macarro did not follow the will of the people.

Learn More on Disenrollment, Ethnic Cleansing in Indian Gaming Country at these Links:
Gaming Revenue Blamed for Disenrollment
disenrollment is paper Genocide
CA Tribal Cleansing
Tribal terrorism
TRIBAL TERRORISM includes Banishment
Nooksack Disenrollment

What is the Department of Justice's Policy of the Abuse of Indian's Civil Rights? Request and Answer.

HERE is a letter YOU can and SHOULD send to Attorney General Vanita Loretta Lynch, or to the newest Attorney General It's a request for a policy statement, which if you read the Gabe Galanda article, could be as simple as "we won't defend the civil and human rights of Indian people harmed by their own Tribes.  Guest blogger  Reinstatement Resolution has crafted this letter.

To: US Department of Justice

    Attorney General Loretta Lynch

    950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

    Washington , D.C. 20530-0001

    Email: askdoj@usdoj.gov

    Fax Number: 202-307-6777

From:  

         

Re: Request for Policy Statement

Dear Attorney General, 

I am writing this request on behalf of thousands of American Indians who have been removed from the Membership Rolls of Federally Recognized Tribes without due process and in violation of their right to equal protection under the law.

Many of the decisions to terminate tribal membership have been imposed by Tribal Leaders without the approval of the General Membership of the Tribe, in direct contradiction of the governing documents of their respective Tribes, and motivated by racial bias. This racial bias is compounded by the fact that some of these Tribal Leaders have no Indian ancestry themselves, and would not meet the same standards as these disenrolled Indians, who have endured discrimination and bias from American society, and now face bias and discrimination from within their own tribes.

Tribal Leaders act with impunity due to the protections of sovereign immunity. Many of these leaders claim that the Santa Clara Pueblos v. Martinez Supreme Court decision gives them the right to exclude legitimate tribal members and they have done so, causing egregious harm to the Native Americans who lose their tribal citizenship. This harm extends far beyond the loss of membership in a Federally Recognized Tribe. It means denial of eligibility for federal benefits to help finance education, medical treatment, and even emergency assistance to families in need. It means the loss of land rights, burial rights, and access to benefits provided by the tribe. It means a denial of heritage, and the legacy of their ancestors, and the connection to their culture.  

50 Democrat Senators Think REDSKINS Nickname is MORE Important than Tribes That Harm Their OWN PEOPLE via Apartheid, Disenrollment and Theft of Per Capita.

50 Senators of the Democratic Party, including California's own Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein, recently signed a two page letter to NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell asking him to use the recent NBA/Donald Sterling controversy to get the Washington Redskins to drop their team name.

REALLY SENATORS? ;You grab the low hanging fruit of a nickname controversy versus those that you have repeatedly ignored?

Sen. Boxer IGNORES the issues of water rights theft by the Pechanga Band of Luiseno Indians   of Temecula CA. ;In fact, she SPONSORED this Apartheid practicing tribe's attempt to steal water from reservation allottees.

Senators, the Chukchansi Tribe of Fresno has eliminated 60% of their tribe, turning of the heat to homes and stripping the citizenship of original language speakers.

Nooksack Tribal Leaders Bob Kelly FIRES Accounting Staff. Also VIOLATES Tribal Court's Ruling on Support Checks for 306

From the Nooksack 306 Facebook Page:

Not only has the Kelly Faction violated the Tribal Court's ruling by refusing to cut Christmas support checks to the 306 families, but today they fired the Tribe's accounting staff. 

On a day when the Tribe was closed, the Kelly Faction had the Tribal Police deliver all of the employees' belongings to their homes. Bob Kelly and his followers will stop at nothing!  But in the end, they WILL be held accountable. 

UPDATE: Will Pechanga Require Allottees To Wear A Yellow Star To Designate Their Status

UPDATE:    We posted the story below in February and now word is coming from the Pechanga Reservation in Temecula that an effort is being forwarded to keep any disenrolled tribal member from using the reservation facilities.    The story is developing but it sounds like the Masiel Basquez crime family is at it again.    Currently a number of Hunters, descendants of Original Pechanga allottee, Paulina Hunter, live on the reservation, some all their lives.    

The Temecula Band of Luiseno Indians, led by Democratic Party operatives  Mark Macarro and Andrew Masiel are well known civil and human rights abusers.  

Oh, if only the question was too far-fetched to believe, since they have already stripped voting rights and elder care from 25% of their tribe.  The Nazis forced Jews to wear these stars on their clothing in an overt act of persecution. As we wrote about recently, the allottees on the reservation, who have had their land in the family since the beginning of the Temecula Indian Reservation, have now been threatened with trespassing charges. A yellow star would make it easy for tribal members like the Masiel-Basquez crime family to recognize them on sight.

Add caption

Top: Yellow Star Jews in Nazi Germany were forced to wear 

 Bottom: Will Pechanga force Allottees to wear emblem so Rangers can see them?  

The drinking fountains at the park will be one area where the tribe could have a sign saying: Tribal Members Only, No Temecula Indians Allowed.

They say that allottee may be excluded from their land if they are on the land of a tribal member, yet, Chairman Macarro's jackbooted Tribal Rangers trespassed on allottee's land to deliver the message. Yep, right to the front doors. And since a sexual predator is in charge of dispatching Rangers and is a member of the tribal motorcycle "club", wouldn't you be worried?

Remember, some Moratorium People have already been excluded...


Since the casino is on tribal property, any visitor could be charged with trespassing ..for any reason.

Supreme Court Rules 8-1 Suit Against Gun Lake Tribal Casino Can Go Foreward

Another Crack in the Sovereignty Dam?

The Supreme Court won't stop a lawsuit seeking to shut down a Native American casino in Michigan.


The high court on Monday upheld a lower court decision that would allow casino foe David Patchak to sue to shut the casino down.

The Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians, also known as the Gun Lake Tribe, opened a casino in Wayland Township, 20 miles south of Grand Rapids. Patchak challenged how the government placed the land in trust for the tribe, saying that the move was illegal because the tribe had not been recognized by the government in 1934 when the Indian Reorganization Act was passed.

A federal judge dismissed his lawsuit but the high court in an 8-1 ruling decided it could move forward. Justice Sonia Sotomayor was the only dissent

Word Coming From the Pala Reservation That EVICTIONS are Imminent

Sources tell us that there are evictions coming at the Pala Reservation, which recently terminated 160 Native Americans.

Are those bodyguards that Chairman Robert Smith has hired?

Did Pechanga show them how to eliminate tribal members? Did they attend the same courses on disenrollment?